Half a century after iconic Apollo Missions which allowed twelve men to walk on the Moon між 1968 і 1972, NASA is set to embark on ambitious Артеміда Місяць Mission designed not only to create long term людина presence on and around the Moon but also to learn lessons in preparation for людина missions and habitations on березня. Глибокий простір людина habitation, enabling людей to become a multi планета species to thwart the risk of extinction is still a very far dream however a beginning is to happen in near future.
“Since, in the long run, every планетарний civilization will be endangered by impacts from простір, every surviving civilization is obliged to become spacefaring—not because of exploratory or romantic zeal, but for the most practical reason imaginable: staying alive.” – Карл Саган, 1994.
Artemis I, an uncrewed flight test, the first in a series of Артеміда’s increasingly complex missions to the Moon, is scheduled to lift off on 29 August 2022. This will pave the way for future crewed flights (Artemis II, Artemis III, and beyond) to the місячний surface. In 2024, Artemis will land the first woman and the first person of colour on the Moon.
Що відрізняє Артеміда apart is its aim to build a base camp on the lunar surface to give astronauts a place to live and work on the moon. Artemis Base Camp includes a modern cabin, a rover, and a mobile home. It is true that людей have been living and working on International Простір Station (ISS) for several years however Artemis Mission will allow astronauts to live on the surface of another celestial body, hence one can argue that Artemis would be first concrete step towards colonisation of deep простір. This aspect makes Artemis special.
The Artemis Moon Mission, НАСА collaborative programme with European Простір Agency (ESA) and Canadian Простір Agency (CSA) has three objectives –scientific discovery, economic benefits, and inspiration for new generation. There are six components of the mission
- Orion spacecraft: The exploration vehicle that will carry crew to простір, provide emergency abort, sustain the crew during the travel and provide safe re-entry to the Earth.
- Простір Launch System (SLS) Rocket: The heavy-lift rocket that will launch Orion spacecraft.
- Наземні дослідницькі системи (EGS): підтримуватимуть запуск і відновлення астронавтів, що повертаються.
- The Gateway: the spaceship in lunar орбіта that will serve as multi-purpose outpost орбітальний Moon where astronauts will transfer between Orion and the lander. This will provide essential support for long-term людина return to the lunar surface
- Людина Landing System: Lander will take astronauts from the Gateway in the lunar орбіта на поверхню Moon and back to the Gateway in the орбіта.
- Artemis Base Camp: will serve as the home and the workplace for a crew of four astronauts on the surface of the Moon for about 30-60 days. This will enable crew is to stay on the Moon for up to two months at a time.
Людина habitation system is the key piece of the mission for living longer in deep простір both for extending duration of operation as well as for optimal physical and mental wellbeing of the astronaut. This is certainly an imperative for future mission to березня. The Transit Habitat is envisioned for long-duration missions.
Стійкий людина habitation on the surface of the Moon is a very ambitious goal because of unique challenges posed by the lunar environment and the remoteness from the Earth. Notwithstanding this, experiences gained in successful operation of International Простір Station (ISS) for over two decades should contribute in Artemis Moon Місія.
The Artemis Base Camp, as humanity’s first long-term home on land outside Earth will enable людина missions to березня. With this, the idea of making людей мульти-планета species begins.
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джерела:
- НАСА. Артеміда. Доступний на https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis/
- НАСА. Програма Артеміда. Доступний на https://www.nasa.gov/artemisprogram
- G. Flores, D. Harris, R. McCauley, S. Canerday, L. Ingram and N. Herrmann, “Deep Простір Habitation: Establishing a Sustainable Людина Presence on the Moon and Beyond,” 2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100), 2021, pp. 1-7, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438260
- NASA. Artemis Deep Space Habitation: Enabling a Sustained Людина Presence on the Moon and Beyond. Available at https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20220000245/downloads/Artemis%20Deep%20Space%20Habitation%20Enabling%20a%20Sustained%20Human%20Presence%20on%20the%20Moon%20and%20Beyond%20(3).pdf
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