NASA’s first asteroid sample return mission, OSIRIS-REx, launched seven years ago in 2016 to near-Земля asteroid Bennu has delivered the asteroid sample that it collected in 2020 to Земля на 24th September 2023. After releasing the asteroid sample into Земля atmosphere, the spacecraft embarked on its extended travel to asteroid Apophis as OSIRIS-APRX mission. The asteroid Bennu is an ancient carbonaceous asteroid that has rocks and dusts from the birth of the solar system. Study of the returned sample shall throw light on how планети were formed and how life began on Земля. More importantly, there is small risk of Bennu impacting with Земля late next century between the years 2175 and 2199. Results from OSIRIS-REx mission will help refine the predicted path of the asteroid Bennu as well as of other potentially hazardous asteroids to plan and execute mitigation.
NASA’s asteroid sample return mission OSIRIS-REx has successfully brought a sample weighing about 250 grams from the asteroid Bennu. The capsule of rocks and dust collected from the asteroid in 2020 landed at Utah site near Salt Lake City in the USA on Sunday 24th Вересень 2023.
OSIRIS-REx was NASA’s first asteroid sample return mission.
NASA’s first asteroid sample return mission, OSIRIS-REx (acronym for “Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification and Security – Regolith Explorer”) was launched to the near-Земля asteroid Bennu on 8th Вересень 2016. Він зібрав зразок каменів і пилу з поверхні астероїда 20th October 2020 and started its return journey to Земля на 10th Травень 2021. Він подорожував два з половиною роки у зворотному напрямку, щоб прибути, коли капсула для повернення зразка відокремилася від космічного корабля та увійшла в Землю атмосфера. With this, the spacecraft completed a seven-year journey and the mission OSIRIS-REx, the first U.S. mission to collect a sample from an asteroid, was completed. But the journey of spacecraft continues towards asteroid Apophis as OSIRIS-APEX mission after releasing sample return capsule into Земля атмосферу.
Хронологія місії NASA OSIRIS-REx
| Дата / рік | Основні етапи |
| Вересень 8, 2016 | Космічний корабель запущено |
| Грудень 3, 2018 | прибув до астероїда Бенну |
| 2019 - 2020 | шукайте безпечне місце для збору проб на Бенну |
| Жовтень 20, 2020 | Зразок зібрано |
| Травень 10, 2021 | Розпочав зворотний шлях на Землю |
| 24 вересня 2023 р | Капсула, що містить зразки каменів і пилу, зібрані з астероїда Бенну, випущеного в атмосферу Землі, благополучно приземлилася на Землю. На цьому місія OSIRIS-REX завершена. |
| 24 вересня 2023 р | Подорож космічного корабля продовжується до іншого навколоземного астероїда Апофіс, і місія перейменована на OSIRIS-APEX |
Discovered in September 1999 and named after an ancient Egyptian deity, asteroid Bennu is a near-Earth орбіта, ancient asteroid thought to have formed over 4.5 billion years ago in the early phase of solar system’s history. It is a B-type, carbonaceous asteroid that has rocks and dust from the birth of the solar system. It may also have material containing molecules that were present when life first formed on Earth. Asteroids rich in органіка are thought to have played a role in catalysing life on Earth. The study of the sample brought from the asteroid Bennu is expected to throw light on how планети were formed and how life began.
As a near-Earth object (NEO), Bennu is a potentially hazardous asteroid as it may impact Earth late in next century between the years 2175 and 2199 though the probability of such an event is low. The exact path of rotating asteroids (such as Bennu) through the solar system is little unpredictable due to Yarkovsky effect (heating up of surfaces during the day and cooling down at night gives of radiation that may act like a mini thruster to drift the asteroid away over time). The measurement of the Yarkovsky Effect by OSIRIS-REx will help refine the predicted орбіта of the asteroid Bennu as well as of other potentially hazardous asteroids and help in планетарний захист.
Under the renamed mission OSIRIS-APEx, the spacecraft is now travelling towards another near-Earth asteroid Apophis (about 1,000 feet wide) which will approach Earth within the range of about 20,000 miles in 2029. At that time, the spacecraft will enter the орбіта of Apophis to investigate how “close approach to Earth” affected its орбіта, spin rate, and surface. This knowledge will help in dealing with “close approach of asteroid Bennu” in late next century.
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джерела:
- Перший зразок астероїда НАСА приземлився, тепер його захищено в чистій кімнаті. Опубліковано 24 вересня 2023 р. Доступно за адресою https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-first-asteroid-sample-has-landed-now-secure-in-clean-room . Перевірено 25 вересня 2023 р.
- Місія OSIRIS-REx. Доступний на https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/osiris-rex/about https://www.nasa.gov/content/osiris-rex-mission-operations Перевірено 25 вересня 2023 р.
- Космічний корабель OSIRIS-REx відправляється для виконання нової місії. Доступний на https://blogs.nasa.gov/osiris-rex/2023/09/24/osiris-rex-spacecraft-departs-for-new-mission/ Перевірено 25 вересня 2023 р.
- Десять речей, які потрібно знати про Бенну. Доступний на https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2020/bennu-top-ten Перевірено 25 вересня 2023 р.
- Годинник астероїдів і комет. Доступний на https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/asteroids/overview/index.html Перевірено 25 вересня 2023 р.
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